February 9

French Revolution

• The Gerodins and the Jacobins were the two parties of France
• They gain power and become a bit tyrannical 
• Another party starts to develop, a party that listens to the people on the street, the Mountain. 
• 1793- Louis XVI is found to be secretly talking with the King of Austria
• He is charged with treason and executed
• Robespierre is elected as the representative of the Mountain party
• The working class thinks that they have found a hero, someone who has been through the same turmoils that they have
• The Committee of Public Safety is established
• Their aim was to protect France
• Laws were created that negated the rights of the accused
• Women were banned from gathering 
• The Terror starts in 1793 and goes until 1794
• During this time the convention and the CPS decide that the Mountain and Jacobin will unite against the emigrates, the nobles, and the Gerodins.
• 18, 000 to 40,000 people were killed including Marie Antoinette and Olympe de Gouge   
• July 1794- Conservatives and radicals turn against Robespierre
• A new group rises up- the Thermodorians 
• They wrote a third French constitution which goes into effect in 1795
• Electors chose the new national legislature
• The lower house of legislation was called the 500, the upper house was called the Elders. 
• The executive branch was made out of five people
• There was unrest among the people over the subject of a new government
• A young commander was put in the position of calming people's nerves. 
• Napoleon married a widow named Josephine who had ties to the Directory
• With her help, Napoleon goes to Italy and drives out the Habsburgs. 
• The Cisalpine government wants Napoleon to come back and want to make a deal with Austria. 
• Napoleon refused, and kept all of the possessions he had taken from Austria
• France has an election in 1797, however the candidates leading the election were favoring the royalists and the return of the exiled Louis XVIII. 
• Napoleon sends a force against the royalists in the French government. 
• He leaves 3 of the 5, Napoleon got rid of 2 of them