Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

• 1760- 1850
• Changed labor from farm to factory, from manual to mechanized
• People were able to increase their supplies of food and raw materials
• New technologies result in increased production, efficiency, consumerism, etc. 
• The economy of cloth increased during this time. 
• The trade between colony, homeland, and back to the colony was part of a system of industrialization. 
• Competition economically arose and eventually created capitalism
• Other advances included sturdier farm implements created mechanically
• The growth of the population rose
• Workers on farms moved to factories so that their farms could be sustained
• England prepared for the expansion of its economy and industry
•  The first threading device- the jenny was developed in England
• One operator could spin multiple threads at the same time
• This process used to take dozens of people
• In 20 years, nearly 20,000 spinning jennies were being used in England
• There are no rules governing workers' rights 
• There are no limits for working hours
• There are no safety laws
• Children can be made to work full days in factories 
• The working conditions for coal miner were nearly suicidal 
• The only people who became coal miners with those who had to 
• The Fireman crawled down a tunnel with a long stick with a candle on the end of it. Their goal was to find out if there were an noxious gases down in the mine. 
• The coal industry expanded upon itself
• In the early 18th century pig iron was developed
• Canals were constructed for easier trade
• The canal system and the railroad system changed everything in terms of trade
• 1804-1820 there are semi-successful attempts to create working rail cars
• George Stevenson created the first public rail cars designed to move passengers around
• This was too expensive and it dies. But the idea of transporting humans sticks. 
• Trade and distribution in between cities advance
• Thing became more cosmopolitan- world cities began to develop
• The steam engine- Heat converted the potential energy in water to the kinetic energy in steam
• Less people died because healthcare became more important, more babies were born and survived infancy, plague was eliminated in Europe, and food production increased
• Craftsmen and apprentices 
• The size of the middle class increased
• The factory system put the owners of the factories in a position of power over their employees 

Capital and Labor

• Capital is the amount of money that one can put into a job
• In a factory condition, more can be done with less workers and the profits increase
• These profits can be used as capital for future investments