Notes November 10

• In 1603 England and Scotland came together under James Stuart, king of both nations. 
• He wanted to be known as the king of Great Britain. 
• King Charles I observed Edgehill, the same place another man had called heaven on earth, but he saw it as a battleground for civil war. 
• The son of James, Charles, fought James Stuart in the English Civil War. 
• At the heart of the wars was an argument about freedom and liberty. 
• Parliament represents the English people in the English government. 
• The Gunpowder Plot- James, a protestant, kicked the Catholic clergy out of England. In 1605 a group of Catholics conspired to blow up Parliament. 
• Guy Fawkes led the plan. The plan failed and the members of the plot were executed. 
• The Puritans rose under the rule of James Stuart. In 1620, Puritans rode on the Mayflower all the way to the New World. The Puritans wanted to break down the Church, to purify it and all it stood for. 
• James was not friendly towards the Puritans. They thought he had too much power over religion.
• The King James Bible was the official 17th century. 
• James brought the best poets and linguists together to translate the Bible. 
• Charles I is the son of James and he continues in his father's footsteps. 
• He is an absolutist and he fights with Parliament over who should collect taxes. He dissolved Parliament because of their many disagreements. 
• In 1642 the English Civil War began. 
• Parliament troops were known as Rounheads. The cavaliers were supported on all sides by the nobility, and the peasantry.  
• The peasantry sided with the nobility because they knew they would not keep their jobs if the nobility lost. If they had sided with the middle class, even if they had won, no merchant would hire a peasant to work for him, but a king would. 
• Oliver Cromwell  
• Charles believed that kings were demigods and he wanted himself to be obeyed. 
• He would listen to Parliament, but only when he wanted and only about things that he wanted to happen. 
• Charles declared was on Spain, which took a lot of money away from England. 
• Charles went to Parliament with the argument that Protestants needed to conquer. Parliament agreed with that but did not agree with Charles's choice of commander. Parliament gave Charles the money, but knew that they would not have to give any more.
• Henry, the older brother of Charles I died before he could become king. The heir became Charles. 
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